Biology is one of the most popular and compulsory science subjects in the JAMB UTME for students aiming for courses like Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, Microbiology, and Agriculture. To perform well in the 2025/2026 JAMB Biology exam, it's crucial to focus on topics that are frequently repeated by JAMB over the years.
In this guide, we provide a comprehensive list of the most repeated Biology topics, tips for studying smarter, and key focus areas to help you score 70+ in JAMB Biology.
Most Repeated Topics in JAMB Biology (2025/2026)
Below are the Biology topics that appear almost every year in the JAMB UTME, based on previous years’ trends:
1. Cell and Its Environment
- Structure and functions of cell components (nucleus, mitochondria, etc.)
- Diffusion, osmosis, and active transport
- Differences between plant and animal cells
JAMB Focus: Diagrams of cells, transport mechanisms, and related experiments.
2. Classification of Living Things
- Five kingdoms of living organisms
- Binomial nomenclature
- Characteristics of different classes (e.g., mammalia, aves, insecta)
JAMB Focus: Questions on scientific naming and identification of organisms.
3. Nutrition
- Photosynthesis (process, importance, stages)
- Human nutrition and digestive system
- Types of nutrition (autotrophic, heterotrophic)
JAMB Focus: Questions on enzymes, digestion process, and photosynthesis equations.
4. Respiration
- Types: Aerobic vs anaerobic
- Energy production (ATP)
- Cellular respiration process
JAMB Focus: Site of respiration, respiration vs photosynthesis.
5. Excretion
- Organs of excretion in plants and animals
- Structures like the kidney and nephron
JAMB Focus: Functions and diagrams of the excretory system.
6. Transport System
- Transport in plants (xylem, phloem)
- Circulatory system in humans
- Blood components and their functions
JAMB Focus: Blood vessels, double circulation, transport in plants.
7. Reproduction
- Asexual and sexual reproduction
- Reproductive organs in plants and animals
- Fertilization and development
JAMB Focus: Diagrams of reproductive organs and stages of reproduction.
8. Ecology and Ecosystems
- Food chain and food web
- Energy flow in ecosystems
- Ecological factors and biotic components
- Pollution and conservation
JAMB Focus: Energy pyramid, adaptations, environmental balance.
9. Genetics and Heredity
- Mendelian laws of inheritance
- Chromosomes, genes, DNA
- Genotype and phenotype
JAMB Focus: Punnett squares, blood groups, and genetic crosses.
10. Evolution
- Theories of evolution (Darwin, Lamarck)
- Evidence of evolution
- Adaptation
JAMB Focus: Common ancestry and evidence from fossils.
11. Nervous and Endocrine Systems
- Structure and function of the human nervous system
- Sense organs and receptors
- Hormones and their effects
JAMB Focus: Reflex arc, endocrine glands and hormone actions.
12. Skeleton and Support System
- Types of skeletons (endo, exo, hydrostatic)
- Bones in the human body
- Joints and their types
JAMB Focus: Diagrams and functions of skeletal structures.
13. Plant Tissues and Functions
- Meristematic and permanent tissues
- Functions of xylem and phloem
- Adaptations in plants
JAMB Focus: Simple drawings of tissues and their roles.
14. Homeostasis
- Control of water, pH, and temperature in the body
- Feedback mechanisms
JAMB Focus: Sweating, shivering, osmoregulation in kidneys.
15. Microorganisms
- Types: Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi
- Diseases caused by microorganisms
- Role of microbes in food production and biotechnology
JAMB Focus: Useful vs harmful microbes, fermentation, and immunity.
Bonus: Other Frequently Tested Subtopics
- Adaptation to habitats (aquatic, xerophytes, etc.)
- Plant and animal hormones
- Enzymes: functions and factors affecting enzyme activity
- Growth and development in living things
How to Study the Most Repeated Biology Topics for JAMB
1. Study with Past Questions
- Solve at least 10 years of JAMB past questions in Biology.
- Focus on questions that appear repeatedly.
2. Use Diagrams Effectively
- Practice labeling biological diagrams (e.g., heart, kidney, leaf structure).
- Visual memory helps in identifying questions quickly.
3. Practice CBT Mock Tests
- Time yourself while answering.
- Use platforms that simulate the JAMB exam environment.
4. Memorize Key Definitions and Terminologies
- JAMB tests your understanding of biology terms, not just cramming.
FAQs – JAMB Biology 2025/2026
1. How many Biology questions are in JAMB?
You will answer 40 to 50 multiple-choice questions, depending on JAMB’s exam format that year.
2. Which topics are compulsory in JAMB Biology?
Topics like cell biology, ecology, genetics, nutrition, and reproduction are almost always covered.
3. Does JAMB repeat Biology questions?
Yes, JAMB often repeats questions or rephrases past questions, especially from high-frequency topics.
4. Can I pass Biology in JAMB without studying all topics?
Yes, if you focus smartly on repeated and core topics, you can score 70% or more.
5. Are diagrams important in JAMB Biology?
Absolutely! Many questions involve labeling or interpreting biological diagrams.
Conclusion
To succeed in JAMB Biology 2025/2026, focus your energy on the most repeated and high-yield topics. This official guide is your shortcut to smarter preparation. Use it with past questions, online CBT practice, and your JAMB syllabus—and watch your Biology score rise!
