Primary education is the foundation of learning in Nigeria. It prepares children for lifelong learning and sets the tone for academic and social development. In line with the Universal Basic Education (UBE) program, the Federal Ministry of Education in Nigeria has approved a standardized list of subjects for primary schools across the nation.
This blog provides a comprehensive list of all subjects approved for Nigerian primary schools in 2025, categorized by core and optional areas, and highlights how these subjects contribute to a child's development.
Overview of the Nigerian Primary Education Curriculum
The primary school system in Nigeria typically covers Primary 1 to Primary 6, catering to pupils aged 6 to 12. The curriculum is designed to be broad-based, practical, and aligned with global standards while promoting national unity, civic responsibility, and cultural heritage.
The National Curriculum is developed by the Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council (NERDC)and implemented through the Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC).
Core Subjects Approved for Primary Schools in Nigeria (2025)
These subjects are compulsory for all pupils in public and private schools:
- English Language
- Mathematics
- Basic Science and Technology (BST)
- Information Technology
- Physical and Health Education
- Basic Science
- Technology
- Civic Education
- Cultural and Creative Arts (CCA)
- Religious and National Values (RNV)
- Christian Religious Studies / Islamic Religious Studies
- Social Studies
- Security Education
- Nigerian Languages (Mother Tongue or Local Language)
- Agricultural Science
- Physical and Health Education (Also within BST)
- Verbal and Quantitative Reasoning (Integrated into English & Math in lower primary)
Optional / Elective Subjects
Some schools (especially private ones) also offer the following to expand pupils' exposure:
- French Language
- Arabic Language
- Home Economics
- Computer Studies / ICT
- Music
- Moral Instruction
- Sign Language (for inclusive schools)
- Drama and Performing Arts
- Entrepreneurship Education (basic level)
These may vary depending on the region, available teachers, and school resources.
Subject Groupings by Primary Level
Lower Basic (Primary 1–3)
- English Language
- Mathematics
- Nigerian Language
- Basic Science and Technology
- Civic Education
- Religious and National Values
- Cultural and Creative Arts
- Physical and Health Education
- Verbal & Quantitative Reasoning
Middle Basic (Primary 4–6)
- English Language
- Mathematics
- Basic Science and Technology
- Agricultural Science
- Civic Education
- RNV (Social Studies, CRS/IRS, Security)
- Nigerian Language
- French (optional)
- Computer Science (optional)
Benefits of the Approved Primary School Subjects
- Foundational Literacy and Numeracy
- Civic Awareness and Moral Development
- Scientific and Technological Orientation
- Cultural Identity and Creativity
- Digital Literacy and IT Skills
- Health Awareness and Physical Fitness
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. Who approves the primary school curriculum in Nigeria?
The NERDC (Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council) in collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Education and UBEC approves and regulates the curriculum.
2. Are private schools required to follow this curriculum?
Yes, all schools—public or private—are expected to follow the National Curriculum, though private schools may offer additional subjects.
3. Can a school teach subjects not listed here?
Yes, but only as supplementary subjects. The core curriculum must be strictly followed.
4. Is ICT compulsory in all schools?
ICT is strongly recommended but may not be compulsory in rural schools lacking infrastructure. It is increasingly becoming standard in urban areas.
5. Is French language compulsory in primary school?
No. French is optional but encouraged as Nigeria is bordered by Francophone countries.
Conclusion
Understanding the full list of approved primary school subjects in Nigeria helps parents, teachers, and school administrators align with national education goals. These subjects are carefully designed to ensure balanced intellectual, moral, and practical development of children.
As Nigeria continues to invest in education reforms, expect more subjects—especially tech-based ones—to gain priority in the coming years.
