Biology is one of the most popular and important science subjects in NECO examinations. It explores the study of living organisms and life processes — making it crucial for students interested in health sciences, agriculture, and environmental science.
To help you prepare effectively, this post provides the full NECO 2025 Biology syllabus, highlights important areas to focus on, and shares exam tips that will boost your performance.
Objectives of the NECO Biology Exam
The NECO Biology exam aims to:
- Equip students with fundamental knowledge of biological concepts.
- Encourage scientific reasoning and problem-solving skills.
- Promote understanding of the impact of biology on everyday life.
- Prepare students for higher education and science-based careers.
NECO Biology Exam Format (2025)
The NECO Biology exam is divided into three papers:
Paper I: Objective Questions (50 marks)
- 50 multiple-choice questions covering all sections of the syllabus.
- Duration: 1 hour.
Paper II: Essay/Theory Questions (80 marks)
- Students will answer essay questions to demonstrate in-depth knowledge.
- Duration: 1 hour 30 minutes.
Paper III: Practical Biology (60 marks)
- Practical-based assessment involving specimens and biological processes.
- Duration: 1 hour.
NECO 2025 Biology Syllabus Topics
The Biology syllabus is grouped into five major units:
1. Cell and Cell Processes
- Structure and functions of cells
- Cell theory and types
- Diffusion, osmosis, and active transport
- Cell components and organelles
2. Living Organisms
- Classification of living organisms
- Differences between plants and animals
- Kingdoms (Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia)
3. Nutrition and Health
- Types of nutrition (autotrophic and heterotrophic)
- Photosynthesis and respiration
- Malnutrition and deficiency diseases
- Food tests and balanced diet
4. Human and Animal Biology
- The human digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, and excretory systems
- Sense organs and coordination
- Reproduction in humans and animals
5. Plant Biology
- Parts of a flower and pollination
- Fertilization and seed formation
- Transport system in plants
- Photosynthesis and transpiration
6. Ecology and Environment
- Components of an ecosystem
- Energy flow, food chains, and food webs
- Pollution and conservation
7. Evolution and Genetics
- Chromosomes, genes, and inheritance
- Mendelian laws of inheritance
- Evolution theories and evidence
8. Practical Biology
- Microscopy
- Observation and drawing of specimens
- Experiments and analysis
Exam Tips for NECO Biology (2025)
1. Study With Visuals
Use diagrams, charts, and tables to understand systems like the human heart, kidney, or respiratory system.
2. Focus on Core Concepts
Make sure you understand basic biological processes like osmosis, digestion, and photosynthesis — they often appear in both theory and objectives.
3. Practice Drawing and Labeling
You will be required to draw and label diagrams in the practical and theory sections. Practice neat, clear labeling to score high marks.
4. Use Past Questions
Solve NECO Biology past questions to understand the format, time management, and question trends.
5. Revise With Flashcards
Use flashcards for scientific terms, classification, and definitions. It helps you retain information faster.
6. Don’t Ignore Practical Specimens
Review common practical specimens like onion epidermis, liver, lung, and microscope usage. Practice identification and functions.
FAQs on NECO Biology Syllabus 2025
Q1: Is Biology practical compulsory in NECO?
A: Yes. The practical paper is compulsory and carries 60 marks.
Q2: Can I pass Biology without diagrams?
A: It is possible, but you’ll lose marks if you fail to provide required diagrams in theory or practical sections.
Q3: What topics are most common in NECO Biology?
A: Topics like respiration, reproduction, photosynthesis, classification, and ecology are frequently tested.
Q4: What are the best textbooks for NECO Biology?
A: Recommended textbooks include Modern Biology for Senior Secondary Schools and Essential Biology.
Conclusion
The NECO 2025 Biology syllabus covers everything from cells to ecosystems. Mastering the outlined topics and applying the tips in this guide will improve your confidence and performance in the exam.
Start your preparation early, study smart, and practice regularly — success will surely follow!
