Waec & Gce Syllabus For Agricultural Science + Exam Tips (2025)

Agricultural Science is one of the core science subjects offered in WAEC and GCE by students in Nigeria and West Africa. As food security becomes more important globally, a good understanding of agriculture sets the foundation for further studies and practical careers.

This article outlines the complete 2025 WAEC & GCE Agricultural Science syllabus, including the exam format, recommended topics, and tips to score high marks.

Aims and Objectives of the Syllabus

The WAEC/GCE Agricultural Science syllabus is designed to:

1. Stimulate interest in agriculture.

2. Equip students with basic knowledge and practical skills.

3. Prepare students for further studies in agricultural sciences.

4. Encourage the development of scientific attitudes toward agricultural problems.

Structure of the Exam

The exam is divided into three papers:

Paper 1 – Objective Test

• Content: 50 multiple-choice questions

• Time: 1 hour

• Marks: 50

Paper 2 – Theory (Essay)

• Content: 6–7 essay questions (Answer 5)

• Time: 1 hour 30 minutes

• Marks: 90

Paper 3 – Practical or Alternative to Practical

• For School Candidates: Practical Test in Agriculture

• For Private Candidates (GCE): Alternative to Practical Paper

• Time: 1 hour

• Marks: 60

2025 WAEC & GCE Agricultural Science Syllabus Topics

1. Meaning and Importance of Agriculture

• Definition and scope

• Branches and role in the economy

• Problems affecting agriculture in West Africa

2. Agricultural Ecology

• Types of environment (biotic and abiotic)

• Climatic and edaphic factors

• Agricultural zones in West Africa

3. Farm Inputs and Production Factors

• Land, labor, capital, and management

• Agrochemicals: fertilizers, pesticides, etc.

4. Crop Production

• Types and classification of crops

• Land preparation, planting, maintenance, and harvesting

• Crop improvement (breeding, hybridization)

5. Animal Husbandry

• Classes and types of farm animals

• Animal breeds and characteristics

• Feeding, breeding, and diseases

• Poultry, fishery, and ruminant farming

6. Soil Science

• Soil formation, types, and structure

• Soil properties: texture, pH, nutrients

• Soil conservation and erosion control

7. Farm Machinery and Tools

• Simple tools and their uses

• Power sources on the farm

• Maintenance and safety measures

8. Agricultural Economics

• Meaning and scope

• Factors of production

• Marketing and pricing of agricultural products

• Cooperative societies

9. Agricultural Extension

• Importance and methods of extension

• Roles of extension officers

• Communication tools and strategies

10. Storage and Processing of Agricultural Products

• Storage methods: traditional and modern

• Preservation techniques

• Primary and secondary processing

Practical Topics (for Schools or Private Candidates)

• Identification of crops and weeds

• Soil testing and analysis

• Use of farm tools and implements

• Identification of pests and diseases

• Animal parts and products

• Preparation of compost and farm records

Recommended Textbooks

• Essential Agricultural Science by O.A. Iwena

• Comprehensive Certificate Agricultural Science by R.A. Akinwumi

• WAEC Agricultural Science Past Questions & Answers

• Modern Agricultural Science for Senior Secondary Schools

Exam Tips for WAEC/GCE Agricultural Science (2025)

1. Study past questions – This helps you understand the exam pattern.

2. Focus on practicals – Learn how to identify tools, pests, and animals.

3. Revise all theory topics – Especially animal husbandry, soil science, and crop production.

4. Practice drawing diagrams – Labelled diagrams are commonly asked.

5. Create a study timetable – Allocate time to revise both theory and practical areas.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Is Agricultural Science compulsory in WAEC or GCE?
No, it's an elective subject usually taken by science or commercial students with interest in agriculture.

2. Do private (GCE) candidates write practical exams?
They write Alternative to Practical, which tests theoretical knowledge of practical concepts.

3. Can I pass Agricultural Science without doing the practical?
No. You must attempt all papers, including the practical or its alternative.

4. How many papers are written in WAEC Agricultural Science?
Three papers: Objective, Essay, and Practical/Alternative to Practical.

5. What is the most important topic in the syllabus?
All topics are important, but common areas include crop production, soil science, and animal husbandry.

Conclusion

The 2025 WAEC and GCE Agricultural Science syllabus offers a broad and practical overview of the field. With a solid understanding of the topics listed and regular revision, you can confidently approach the exam and score excellent grades.

Remember to study both the theory and practical aspects and start early to stay ahead.